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Lactoferrin, MFGM and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are well-studied, with a growing body of evidence supporting their safety and efficacy. Regulatory approvals vary by region. For example Vivinal® MFGM was approved for use in Thailand in 2025. Our ingredients consistently meet the highest standards of safety and compliance, giving parents peace of mind.
Although lactose-intolerant people should avoid food and supplements containing lactose, emerging evidence suggests the potential of prebiotic-based strategies to improve symptoms by modulating the colonic microbiota.
One study found that galacto-oligosaccharides were well-tolerated in those suffering from lactose intolerance, and when taken as part of a dairy diet, led to a decrease in self-reported diarrhoea.
Angima et al. Effects of galactooligosaccharides (GOS) on the gut microbiota in lactose intolerant individuals, LWT, 216, 2025.
VIvinal® GOS contains galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS). GOS are non digestible carbohydates, which are almost not broken down by human digestive enzymes. Because of this, they reach the intestine nearly completely intact, where they are then available for the present microflora 2,3. In the colon they are fermented by, and stimuate the growth of, Bifidobacteria 4,5. This may result in a broad range of positive health effects 6,7,8.
VIvinal® GOS contains galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS). GOS are non digestible carbohydates, which are almost not broken down by human digestive enzymes. Because of this, they reach the intestine nearly completely intact, where they are then available for the present microflora 2,3. In the colon they are fermented by, and stimuate the growth of, Bifidobacteria 4,5. This may result in a broad range of positive health effects 6,7,8.
GOS can be synthesized on a commercial scale from lactose, using beta-galactosidases. Recent advances in industrial applications of GOS using non-conventional yeast strains have opened up more opportunities for large-scale and cost-effective production, increasing the accessibility of GOS for clinical and consumer use even further.
FrieslandCampina DOMO was the first producer to introduce organic GOS syrup on a global scale. Produced from organic-certified lactose using a proprietary enzymatic technology, it is now an important addition to organic infant milk formula.
A diet rich in fibre, fermented foods and plant-based nutrients promotes a healthy microbiota. This, in turn, enhances communication along the gut-brain axis, improving mental well-being.
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The gut and the brain show bi-directional communication through the gut-brain axis. ‘Good’ bacteria in the gut such as Bifidobacteria produce neurotransmitters and metabolites that can interact with the central nervous system, influencing brain development and function in infancy and beyond.
Ben, X.-M., et al. Low level of galacto-oligosaccharide in infant formula stimulates growth of intestinal Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli. World journal of gastroenterology: WJG. 2008;14(42):6564.
Oligosaccharides like GOS encourage the growth of these bacteria and are fermented into metabolites such as short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) which may have a direct or indirect impact on cognition, brain development and even emotional wellbeing.
There’s a huge opportunity to appeal to the growing number of eco-conscious consumers looking for sustainability claims backed up by proof – in early life, adult and medical nutrition. We use a data-backed, science-based approach to enhance manufacturers’ environmental credentials and cement their reputation as a leader in sustainable dairy.
Several studies show that Biotis GOS positively influence the microbiota,
Krumbeck et al. Probiotic Bifidobacterium strains and galacto-oligosaccharides improve intestinal barrier function in obese adults but show no synergism when used together as synbiotics, Microbiome, vol.6, p121 (2018).
Jeroense et al. Acute Consumption of Prebiotic Galacto-Oligosaccharides Increases Iron Absorption from Ferrous Fumarate, but not from Ferrous Sulfate and Ferric Pyrophosphate: Stable Iron Isotope Studies in Iron-Depleted Young Women, The Journal of Nutrition (2020).
Walton et al. A randomised crossover study investigating the effects of galactooligosaccharides on the faecal microbiota in men and women over 50 years of age, Br J Nutr 107 (2012).
leading to gastrointestinal health benefits, including reduced constipation.
Teuri U, Korpela R. Galacto-oligosaccharides relieve constipation in elderly people. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. 1998;42(6):319-327. https://doi.org/10.1159/000012751 and Sairanen U, Piirainen L, Nevala R, Korpela R. Yoghurt containing galacto-oligosaccharides, prunes and linseed reduces the severity of mild constipation in elderly subjects. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2007;61(12):1423-1428. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602670
Sairanen et al. Yoghurt containing galacto-oligosaccharides, prunes and linseed reduces the severity of mild constipation in elderly subjects, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2007).
In one clinical study with elderly adults, participants were given 9g/Biotis® GOS per day in a yoghurt, with a placebo group consuming yoghurt without added GOS. Over the two-week trial period, Biotis® GOS showed increased defecation frequency and ease in the defecation process compared to the control group.
Teuri U, Korpela R. Galacto-oligosaccharides relieve constipation in elderly people. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. 1998;42(6):319-327. https://doi.org/10.1159/000012751 and Sairanen U, Piirainen L, Nevala R, Korpela R. Yoghurt containing galacto-oligosaccharides, prunes and linseed reduces the severity of mild constipation in elderly subjects. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2007;61(12):1423-1428. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602670
A later study reinforces the effects of Biotis® GOS on constipation in elderly adults. Participants with self-reported constipation were randomised to receive either a placebo or a Biotis® GOS dose of 12g/day in a yoghurt with prunes and linseeds. Consumption of Biotis® GOS supplemented yoghurt was shown to reduce the severity of constipation.
GOS has also been shown to hold potential benefits for sufferers of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
A meta-analysis of 11 studies investigated the impact of prebiotics on gastrointestinal symptoms in adults with IBS or functional bowel disorders. The results found that non-inulin type fructans such as GOS can potentially reduce flatulence and bloating.
Wilson B, Rossi M, Dimidi E, Whelan K. Prebiotics in irritable bowel syndrome and other functional bowel disorders in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2019;109(4):1098-1111. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy376
GOS have been added to infant milk formula for more than two decades, thanks to their myriad health benefits. A substantial body of scientific research highlights the positive impact of GOS on the development and composition of the infant gut microbiota
Ben, X.-M. et al. Supplementation of milk formula with galacto-oligosaccharides improves intestinal micro-flora and fermentation in infants. Chin Med J (Engl) 117, 927–931 (2004).
Fanaro, S. et al. Galacto-oligosaccharides are bifidogenic and safe at weaning: a double-blind randomized multicenter study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 48, 82–8 (2009).
Sierra, C. et al. Prebiotic effect during the first year of life in healthy infants fed formula containing GOS as the only prebiotic: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 54, 89–99 (2014).
– an effect that has helped to establish it as the most widely used oligosaccharide ingredient in early life nutrition globally. Some of the oligosaccharide structures identified in GOS have also been shown to support immunity in vitro. Studies show that 3’-GL, 4’-GL and 6’-GL can reduce inflammation in immature intestinal cells, while 3’-GL specifically stimulates T-regulatory cell responses that may support immune balance.
Ayechu-Muruzabal, V. et al. Modulation of the Epithelial-Immune Cell Crosstalk and Related Galectin Secretion by DP3-5 Galacto-Oligosaccharides and β-3′galactosyllactose. Biomolecules 12, 384 (2022).
Ingredient innovation means that infant formula provides a trusted, high-quality option for giving infants a great start in life. Formulation with lactoferrin, MFGM and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) helps to address top parental concerns surrounding infant gut health, immunity and cognitive function, and are increasingly being recognised as go-to ingredients for infant milk formula.
Our carbon footprint reduction is calculated in accordance with commonly-used standards, including (but not limited to):
To meet our own carbon footprint reduction commitments, FrieslandCampina works closely with its member farmers to implement various emission reduction initiatives at farm level. This includes initiatives like smart breeding and feed additives, using deforestation-free and locally produced feed, and investments in manure digestors and renewable energy generation. We report on these reductions annually, and you can find more detail of our initiatives here.
Our parent company, FrieslandCampina, publishes half-year and annual reports, providing an in-depth view of our sustainability results. In the reports, you will find information on our greenhouse gas emissions and how we are progressing against our targets. Download the latest reports here.
Galacto-oligosaccharides feed beneficial gut bacteria, improving the gut microbiota composition. This supports neurotransmitter production like GABA, which helps regulate mood and reduce anxiety.
VIvinal® GOS contains galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS). GOS are non digestible carbohydates, which are almost not broken down by human digestive enzymes. Because of this, they reach the intestine nearly completely intact, where they are then available for the present microflora 2,3. In the colon they are fermented by, and stimuate the growth of, Bifidobacteria 4,5. This may result in a broad range of positive health effects 6,7,8.
With a falling birth rate worldwide and the contraction of the regular infant milk formula market, there is a growing opportunity for brands to develop nutritional solutions that specifically support children, rather than just infants. This is a potentially huge growth area for early life nutrition companies, which can cater to a broader range of ages, ultimately supporting a larger demographic. Additionally, the children’s nutritional space is still underdeveloped compared to the infant and adult nutrition markets, which makes innovation in this space essential.
Consumers are becoming increasingly aware of sustainability, which is having a knock-on effect on their food choices. Shoppers are increasingly scrutinising labels for products that prioritise the health of the planet and are seeking nutrition brands that they trust, and which can help empower them to make ethical and sustainable choices more easily.
This is especially true in the early life nutrition market; research from FrieslandCampina Ingredients and Qualtrix found that 81% of parents mention that environmental impact plays a role in their choice of infant milk formula. What’s more, 79% of parents would consider switching to another infant milk formula if the brand provided an environmental claim.
FrieslandCampina Ingredients and Qualtrix, date TBC.
Yes, the early life nutrition market presents a significant opportunity for innovation. Part of this is down to consumers’ growing awareness of the importance of the right nutrition to give their children a great start in life. They’re also recognising that nutritional support doesn’t stop at two years of age – older children have different but equally important needs, which have typically been overlooked. Immunity and cognitive development are key areas of growth, with parents seeking nutritional solutions to help their children fight infections and reach developmental milestones.
In 2024, our scope 3 greenhouse gas emissions for member milk decreased by 9.8% from 2023, meaning we have already met our 2030 target. This places us in a good position to meet our 2050 goal. Meanwhile, our scope 1 and 2 emissions for production and transport decreased by 1.4% – setting us on track for our 2030 target. Download the latest reports here.
VIvinal® GOS contains galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS). GOS are non digestible carbohydates, which are almost not broken down by human digestive enzymes. Because of this, they reach the intestine nearly completely intact, where they are then available for the present microflora 2,3. In the colon they are fermented by, and stimuate the growth of, Bifidobacteria 4,5. This may result in a broad range of positive health effects 6,7,8.
Base powders make up approximately 60-95% of a final formula recipe, depending on whether it is an infant, follow-on or young child product. They can easily be combined with specific ingredients for desired composition and differentiation to support unique positioning. Nutritional oil powders are encapsulated oil blends which contain proteins and carbohydrates. They can be used as a basis or an addition to final products.
We align with the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi), which recommends that cutting all possible emissions before 2050 is the most effective and scientific way of limiting a global temperature rise above 1.5°C. That’s why we prioritise reducing our emissions as much as possible, rather than relying on offsetting. To hold ourselves accountable, we also have ambitious targets across our scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions for 2030, which the SBTi has validated are in line with the maximum 1.5°C global warming agreed in the Paris Climate Agreement. These targets include a 63% reduction of GHG emissions in our global production chain and our milk transport chain in the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany, as well as a 33% reduction of GHG emissions from milk production on member dairy farms.
Download our climate plan, ‘On the way to climate-neutral dairy’ for more information on our sustainable dairy initiatives.
Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are the most widely used oligosaccharides in infant formula. FrieslandCampina Ingredients’ GOS ingredients are the most studied prebiotic in the world – recognised for their positive influence on infant gut health and the gut microbiome in general.
Ben, X.-M., Li, J., Feng, Z.-T., Shi, Z.-Y., Lu, Y.-D., Chen, R., & Zhou, X.-Y. (2008). Low level of galacto-oligosaccharide in infant formula stimulates growth of intestinal Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 14(42), 6564. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.14.6564
In early life, health benefits include improved stool consistency,
Sierra, C., Bernal, M.-J., Blasco, J., Martínez, R., Dalmau, J., Ortuño, I., Espín, B., Vasallo, M.-I., Gil, D., Vidal, M.-L., Infante, D., Leis, R., Maldonado, J., Moreno, J.-M., & Román, E. (2014). Prebiotic effect during the first year of life in healthy infants fed formula containing GOS as the only prebiotic: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial. European Journal of Nutrition, 54(1), 89–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-014-0689-9
enhanced mineral absorption
Paganini, D., Uyoga, M. A., Cercamondi, C. I., Moretti, D., Mwasi, E., Schwab, C., Bechtler, S., Mutuku, F. M., Galetti, V., Lacroix, C., Karanja, S., & Zimmermann, M. B. (2017). Consumption of galacto-oligosaccharides increases iron absorption from a micronutrient powder containing ferrous fumarate and sodium iron EDTA: A stable-isotope study in Kenyan infants. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.116.145060
and the potential to impact emotional well-being into adulthood, too.
Johnstone, N., Milesi, C., Burn, O., van den Bogert, B., Nauta, A., Hart, K., Sowden, P., Burnet, P. W. J., & Cohen Kadosh, K. (2021). Anxiolytic effects of a galacto-oligosaccharides prebiotic in healthy females (18–25 years) with corresponding changes in gut bacterial composition. Scientific Reports. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87865-w
Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) are non-digestible carbohydrates, which selectively feed beneficial gut bacteria to promote a healthy microbiota. It is referred to as a single ingredient, but GOS has a complex composition, containing a mixture of many different oligosaccharide structures produced enzymatically. In fact, more than 100 diverse oligosaccharide molecules have been identified in GOS.
Logtenberg, M. J. et al. Touching the high complexity of prebiotic Vivinal galacto- oligosaccharides using UHPLC-PGC-MS. J Agric Food Chem 68, 7800–7808 (2020).
Some of these structures are also present in human milk, such as 3′-galactosyllactose (3’-GL), 4′-galactosyllactose (4’-GL) and 6′-galactosyllactose (6’-GL).
van Leeuwen, S. S., Kuipers, B. J. H., Dijkhuizen, L. & Kamerling, J. P. (1)H NMR analysis of the lactose/β-galactosidase-derived galacto-oligosaccharide components of Vivinal® GOS up to DP5. Carbohydr Res 400, 59–73 (2014).
Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) are non-digestible carbohydrates, which selectively feed beneficial gut bacteria to promote a healthy microbiome. It is referred to as a single ingredient, but GOS has a complex composition, containing a diverse mixture of many different oligosaccharides produced enzymatically from the lactose in cow’s milk. In fact, more than 100 oligosaccharide structures have been identified in GOS.
Logtenberg, M. J. et al. Touching the high complexity of prebiotic Vivinal galacto- oligosaccharides using UHPLC-PGC-MS. J Agric Food Chem 68, 7800–7808 (2020)
When added to infant milk formula, GOS influence the composition of the developing gut microbiome, supporting multiple areas of infant health including digestion, immune health and brain development.
Human milk oligosaccharides, or HMOs, are a group of complex, non-digestible carbohydrates that are the third most abundant solid component in human milk, after lactose and lipids. So far, more than 200 different HMOs have been identified in breast milk, each expected to have its own unique benefits.2 The amount and composition of HMOs in human milk depend on a variety of factors, like lactation stage and maternal genetics.
Soyyılmaz, B et al. The Mean of Milk: A Review of Human Milk Oligosaccharide Concentrations throughout Lactation. Nutrients 13 (2021).
Hydrolysates are protein ingredients where the protein has been digested via enzymatic processing into smaller peptides and/or amino acids. Infant milk formula containing hydrolysates could be more easily tolerated by children suffering from feeding intolerances that could lead to digestive discomfort. For children that are cow’s milk allergic, extensive hydrolysates could be used to avoid adverse reactions to the culprit allergen.
The LCPUFAs DHA and ARA (omega-3 and omega-6) are important nutrients for infant milk formula. Since the synthesis is limited in infants, the dietary intake of DHA and ARA is of key importance in early
Hadley, K. B., Ryan, A. S., Forsyth, S., Gautier, S., & Salem, N. (2016). The essentiality of arachidonic acid in infant development. In Nutrients. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8040216
Innis, S. M. (2007). Dietary (n-3) fatty acids and brain development. In Journal of Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/137.4.855
. LCPUFAs are very sensitive to oxidation, so have limited stability and shelf life. Micro-encapsulating these oils in a powder matrix preserves their nutritional properties and ensures sensory stability over time. This enables fortification of the finished formula without affecting production efficiency.
The LCPUFAs DHA and ARA (omega-3 and omega-6) are important nutrients for infant milk formula. Since the synthesis is limited in infants, the dietary intake of DHA and ARA is of key importance in early life
Hadley, K. B., Ryan, A. S., Forsyth, S., Gautier, S., & Salem, N. (2016). The essentiality of arachidonic acid in infant development. In Nutrients. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8040216
Innis, S. M. (2007). Dietary (n-3) fatty acids and brain development. In Journal of Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/137.4.855
. LCPUFAs are very sensitive to oxidation, so have limited stability and shelf life. Micro-encapsulating these oils in a powder matrix preserves their nutritional properties and ensures sensory stability over time. This enables fortification of the finished formula without affecting production efficiency.
Fat is an important component of human milk, delivering approx. 50-60% of the energy an infant requires. In addition to this, fat in human milk also supplies the baby with valuable nutrients, such as essential fatty acids, fat-soluble vitamins and cholesterol. The nutritional lipids under the Vivinal® brand have been developed to optimise fat blends for infant milk formulas. Dairy lipids naturally contain a higher percentage of sn-2 positioned palmitic acid, one of the major LCSFAs in both human and cow’s milk, compared to traditional vegetable fat blends
Hageman, J. H. J., Danielsen, M., Nieuwenhuizen, A. G., Feitsma, A. L., & Dalsgaard, T. K. (2019). Comparison of bovine milk fat and vegetable fat for infant formula: Implications for infant health. International Dairy Journal, 92, 37–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.01.005
. For the immature gastrointestinal tract of infants, the positioning of LCSFAs is important to support nutrient availability and digestive comfort
Quinlan, P. T., Lockton, S., Irwin, J., & Lucas, A. L. (1995). Literature Reviews: Pediatric Gastroenterology: The Relationship Between Stool Hardness and Stool Composition in Breast- and Formula-Fed Infants Quinlan PT, Lockton S, Irwin J, et al. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1995;20:81-90. Clinical Pediatrics. https://doi.org/10.1177/000992289503400609
.
Our base powders contain most of the essential ingredients required as a basis for developing your final infant, follow-on and young child formulas. The proteins provide (non-)essential amino acids, the so-called building blocks of protein, needed for healthy growth and development
Nutten, S. (2016). Proteins, Peptides and Amino Acids: Role in Infant Nutrition. Nestle Nutrition Institute Workshop Series. https://doi.org/10.1159/000442697
. Energy is provided by specific fat blends, which can contribute to an optimal fat composition and structure. Our Essential® base powders contain only the natural milk sugar lactose. When lactose is not fully digested, it reaches the ileum, where it supports the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut. A clinical trial has shown that the addition of lactose to infant formula significantly increased the growth of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli
Francavilla, R., Calasso, M., Calace, L., Siragusa, S., Ndagijimana, M., Vernocchi, P., Brunetti, L., Mancino, G., Tedeschi, G., Guerzoni, E., Indrio, F., Laghi, L., Miniello, V. L., Gobbetti, M., & De Angelis, M. (2012). Effect of lactose on gut microbiota and metabolome of infants with cow’s milk allergy. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.2012.01286.x
. Alongside macronutrients, our base powders contain micronutrients such as vitamin A, B6, B12, C and D, calcium, selenium, phosphorus, iodine and choline.
Demineralised whey contains proteins, which are crucial for building muscles and bones. Whey proteins provide essential amino acids, the so-called building blocks of protein, needed for the healthy growth and development of infants
Nutten, S. (2016). Proteins, Peptides and Amino Acids: Role in Infant Nutrition. Nestle Nutrition Institute Workshop Series. https://doi.org/10.1159/000442697
.
As GOS are indigestible, they can reach the colon and are fermented there by the gut microbiota. There, GOS can selectively stimulate the growth of healthy gut bacteria, particularly Bifidobacteria, and help maintain optimal composition and activity. GOS have powerful benefits beyond the early years, too. Studies in adults show that GOS can improve gut comfort, reduce bloating, ease constipation and alleviate other gastrointestinal symptoms.
Wilson B, Rossi M, Dimidi E, Whelan K. Prebiotics in irritable bowel syndrome and other functional bowel disorders in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2019;109(4):1098-1111. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy376
Teuri U, Korpela R. Galacto-oligosaccharides relieve constipation in elderly people. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. 1998;42(6):319-327. https://doi.org/10.1159/000012751 and Sairanen U, Piirainen L, Nevala R, Korpela R. Yoghurt containing galacto-oligosaccharides, prunes and linseed reduces the severity of mild constipation in elderly subjects. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2007;61(12):1423-1428. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602670
Emerging evidence also suggests GOS may reduce anxiety levels and improve mood by targeting the gut-brain axis.
Johnstone N, Milesi C, Burn O, van den Bogert B, Nauta A, Hart K, Sowden P, Burnet PW, Cohen Kadosh K. Anxiolytic effects of a galacto-oligosaccharides prebiotic in healthy females (18–25 years) with corresponding changes in gut bacterial composition. Scientific Reports. 2021;11(1):8302. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87865-w
Cohen Kadosh K, Basso M, Knytl P, Johnstone N, Lau JY, Gibson GR. Psychobiotic interventions for anxiety in young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis, with youth consultation. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2021;8(9):831-844. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00143-2
GOS have been shown to promote the growth of bifidogenic bacteria
Ben, X.-M., Li, J., Feng, Z.-T., Shi, Z.-Y., Lu, Y.-D., Chen, R., & Zhou, X.-Y. (2008). Low level of galacto-oligosaccharide in infant formula stimulates growth of intestinal Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 14(42), 6564. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.14.6564
Fanaro, S., Marten, B., Bagna, R., Vigi, V., Fabris, C., Peña-Quintana, L., Argüelles, F., Scholz-Ahrens, K. E., Sawatzki, G., Zelenka, R., Schrezenmeir, J., de Vrese, M., & Bertino, E. (2009). Galacto-oligosaccharides are bifidogenic and safe at weaning: a double-blind randomized multicenter study. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 48(1), 82–88. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19172129
Giovannini, M., Verduci, E., Gregori, D., Ballali, S., Soldi, S., Ghisleni, D., & Riva, E. (2014). Prebiotic Effect of an Infant Formula Supplemented with Galacto-Oligosaccharides: Randomized Multicenter Trial. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2013.878232
Sierra, C., Bernal, M.-J., Blasco, J., Martínez, R., Dalmau, J., Ortuño, I., Espín, B., Vasallo, M.-I., Gil, D., Vidal, M.-L., Infante, D., Leis, R., Maldonado, J., Moreno, J.-M., & Román, E. (2014). Prebiotic effect during the first year of life in healthy infants fed formula containing GOS as the only prebiotic: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial. European Journal of Nutrition, 54(1), 89–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-014-0689-9
. A substantial number of studies with formula-fed infants has shown that infant formula enriched with Vivinal® GOS caused a significant increase in Bifidobacteria, in comparison to infants receiving a standard formula without GOS
Ben, X.-M. et al. Supplementation of milk formula with galacto-oligosaccharides improves intestinal micro-flora and fermentation in infants. Chin. Med. J. (Engl). 117, 927–931 (2004)
Ben, X.-M., Li, J., Feng, Z.-T., Shi, Z.-Y., Lu, Y.-D., Chen, R., & Zhou, X.-Y. (2008). Low level of galacto-oligosaccharide in infant formula stimulates growth of intestinal Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 14(42), 6564. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.14.6564
Fanaro, S., Marten, B., Bagna, R., Vigi, V., Fabris, C., Peña-Quintana, L., Argüelles, F., Scholz-Ahrens, K. E., Sawatzki, G., Zelenka, R., Schrezenmeir, J., de Vrese, M., & Bertino, E. (2009). Galacto-oligosaccharides are bifidogenic and safe at weaning: a double-blind randomized multicenter study. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 48(1), 82–88. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19172129
. GOS may contribute to the body’s immune system, since specific health outcomes in clinical trials where a reduced incidence of infections was observed have been connected to the presence of GOS in infant formula
Arslanoglu S, Moro GE, Boehm G. Early supplementation of prebiotic oligosaccharides protects formula-fed infants against infections during the first 6 months of life. J Nutr. Published online 2007. doi:10.1093/jn/137.11.2420
Ranucci G, Buccigrossi V, Borgia E, et al. Galacto-oligosaccharide/polidextrose enriched formula protects against respiratory infections in infants at high risk of atopy: A randomized clinical trial. Nutrients. Published online 2018. doi:10.3390/nu10030286
. Supplementation of infant formula with GOS has been shown to improve infant stool consistency and transit time
Sierra, C., Bernal, M.-J., Blasco, J., Martínez, R., Dalmau, J., Ortuño, I., Espín, B., Vasallo, M.-I., Gil, D., Vidal, M.-L., Infante, D., Leis, R., Maldonado, J., Moreno, J.-M., & Román, E. (2014). Prebiotic effect during the first year of life in healthy infants fed formula containing GOS as the only prebiotic: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial. European Journal of Nutrition, 54(1), 89–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-014-0689-9
Williams T, Choe Y, Price P, et al. Tolerance of formulas containing prebiotics in healthy, term infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. Published online 2014. doi:10.1097/MPG.0000000000000513
, indicating that GOS contributes to enhanced digestive comfort. GOS have also been shown to enhance calcium absorption in young girls
Whisner, C. M. et al. Galacto-oligosaccharides increase calcium absorption and gut bifidobacteria in young girls: a double-blind cross-over trial. Br. J. Nutr. 110, 1292–303 (2013).
and iron in infants
Paganini, D., Uyoga, M. A., Cercamondi, C. I., Moretti, D., Mwasi, E., Schwab, C., Bechtler, S., Mutuku, F. M., Galetti, V., Lacroix, C., Karanja, S., & Zimmermann, M. B. (2017). Consumption of galacto-oligosaccharides increases iron absorption from a micronutrient powder containing ferrous fumarate and sodium iron EDTA: A stable-isotope study in Kenyan infants. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.116.145060
. In a recent study, it was further shown that supplementation with GOS reduced anxiety in highly anxious young women: this effect was accompanied by an increase in Bifidobacteria in the gut
Johnstone, N., Milesi, C., Burn, O., van den Bogert, B., Nauta, A., Hart, K., Sowden, P., Burnet, P. W. J., & Cohen Kadosh, K. (2021). Anxiolytic effects of a galacto-oligosaccharides prebiotic in healthy females (18–25 years) with corresponding changes in gut bacterial composition. Scientific Reports. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87865-w
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Research shows that HMOs have an important role to play by supporting infant health in various ways. These include influencing the gut microbiome, reducing the risk of infection and supporting the brain development of infants
Bode, L. (2012). Human milk oligosaccharides: Every baby needs a sugar mama. In Glycobiology. https://doi.org/10.1093/glycob/cws074 and inhibits in vitro binding of viral and bacterial pathogens associated with childhood diarrhoea, like norovirus, rotavirus and ETEC
Bode, L., Kuhn, L., Kim, H.-Y., Hsiao, L., Nissan, C., Sinkala, M., Kankasa, C., Mwiya, M., Thea, D. M., & Aldrovandi, G. M. (2012). Human milk oligosaccharide concentration and risk of postnatal transmission of HIV through breastfeeding. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 96(4), 831–839. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.112.039503
Bode, L., & Jantscher-Krenn, E. (2012). Structure-function relationships of human milk oligosaccharides. Advances in Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.111.001404
. Different individual HMOs have been shown to have different effects
Asakuma S, Hatakeyama E, Urashima T, et al. Physiology of consumption of human milk oligosaccharides by infant gut-associated ifidobacterial. J Biol Chem. Published online 2011. Doi:10.1074/jbc.M111.248138
Bode, L., & Jantscher-Krenn, E. (2012). Structure-function relationships of human milk oligosaccharides. Advances in Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.111.001404
Lin, A. E., Autran, C. A., Szyszka, A., Escajadillo, T., Huang, M., Godula, K., Prudden, A. R., Boons, G. J., Lewis, A. L., Doran, K. S., Nizet, V., & Bode, L. (2017). Human milk oligosaccharides inhibit growth of group B Streptococcus. Journal of Biological Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M117.789974
Salli K, Hirvonen J, Siitonen J, Ahonen I, Anglenius H, Maukonen J. Selective Utilization of the Human Milk Oligosaccharides 2′-Fucosyllactose, 3-Fucosyllactose, and Difucosyllactose by Various Probiotic and Pathogenic Bacteria. J Agric Food Chem. Published online 2021. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06041
Watson D, O’Connell Motherway M, Schoterman MHC, van Neerven RJJ, Nauta A, Van Sinderen D. Selective carbohydrate utilization by lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. J Appl Microbiol. Published online 2013. doi:10.1111/jam.12105
Yu, Z. T., Chen, C., Kling, D. E., Liu, B., McCoy, J. M., Merighi, M., Heidtman, M., & Newburg, D. S. (2013). The principal fucosylated oligosaccharides of human milk exhibit prebiotic properties on cultured infant microbiota. Glycobiology. https://doi.org/10.1093/glycob/cws138
, so they may complement each other in supporting infant health.
Hydrolysates may facilitate easier digestion compared to intact protein and may support the immature digestive system. Our Hyvital® CMA ingredients for infant formula can be used for the dietary management of CMA due to the absence of intact protein that could be recognized as harmful by the immune system.
Lactoferrin helps to support a normal immune response against viruses and bacteria
Donovan, S. M. (2016). The Role of Lactoferrin in Gastrointestinal and Immune Development and Function: A Preclinical Perspective. Journal of Pediatrics, 173, S16–S28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.02.072
Elzoghby, A. O., Abdelmoneem, M. A., Hassanin, I. A., Abd Elwakil, M. M., Elnaggar, M. A., Mokhtar, S., Fang, J. Y., & Elkhodairy, K. A. (2020). Lactoferrin, a multi-functional glycoprotein: Active therapeutic, drug nanocarrier & targeting ligand. Biomaterials, 263(August), 120355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120355
. It can thereby reduce the risk of gastro-intestinal and respiratory tract infection in infants and young children
Chen, K., Chai, L., Li, H., Zhang, Y., Xie, H. M., Shang, J., Tian, W., Yang, P., & Jiang, A. C. (2016). Effect of bovine lactoferrin from iron-fortified formulas on diarrhea and respiratory tract infections of weaned infants in a randomized controlled trial. Nutrition, 32(2), 222–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2015.08.010
Gao, Y., Hou, L., Lu, C., Wang, Q., Pan, B., & Wang, Q. (2020). Enteral Lactoferrin Supplementation for Preventing Sepsis and Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants : A Meta ‑ Analysis With Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 11, 1186. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.01186
King, J. C., Cummings, G. E., Guo, N., Trivedi, L., Readmond, B. X., Keane, V., Feigelman, S., & De Waard, R. (2007). A double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot study of bovine lactoferrin supplementation in bottle-fed infants. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 44(2), 245–251. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mpg.0000243435.54958.68
Li, F., Wu, S. S., Berseth, C. L., Harris, C. L., Richards, J. D., Wampler, J. L., Zhuang, W., Cleghorn, G., Rudolph, C. D., Liu, B., Shaddy, D. J., & Colombo, J. (2019). Improved Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Associated with Bovine Milk Fat Globule Membrane and Lactoferrin in Infant Formula: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Journal of Pediatrics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.08.030
Tarnow-Mordi, W. O., Abdel-Latif, M. E., Martin, A., Pammi, M., Robledo, K., Manzoni, P., Osborn, D., Lui, K., Keech, A., Hague, W., Ghadge, A., Travadi, J., Brown, R., Darlow, B. A., Liley, H., Pritchard, M., Kochar, A., Isaacs, D., Gordon, A., … Espinoza, D. (2020). The effect of lactoferrin supplementation on death or major morbidity in very low birthweight infants (LIFT): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Child and Adolescent Health, 4(6), 444–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30093-6
. Lactoferrin has also been demonstrated to play an immune-modulatory role
Kruzel, M. L., Zimecki, M., & Actor, J. K. (2017). Lactoferrin in a context of inflammation-induced pathology. In Frontiers in Immunology (Vol. 8, Issue NOV). Frontiers Media S.A. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01438
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Lactose is a major solid component of human milk and an important source of energy for the infant
Holsinger, V. H. (1996). Handbook of Milk Composition,edited by Robert G. Jensen. Academic Press, San Diego, 1995, 919 pp., $89.95. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1006/jfca.1996.0035
. It has a low sweetness level and a lower risk of causing dental caries
Moynihan, P. J. (2002). Dietary advice in dental practice. British Dental Journal. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4801628
compared to other carbohydrate sources, an interesting feature for young child formulas. Lactose-containing infant formula has demonstrated significantly higher calcium absorption in infants, compared with lactose-free formula
Abrams, S. A., Griffin, I. J., & Davila, P. M. (2002). Calcium and zinc absorption from lactose containing and lactose-free infant formulas. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/76.2.442
. When lactose is not fully digested, it reaches the ileum, where it also supports the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut, as has been shown in a clinical trial where the addition of lactose to infant formula significantly increased the growth of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli compared to lactose-free formula
Francavilla, R., Calasso, M., Calace, L., Siragusa, S., Ndagijimana, M., Vernocchi, P., Brunetti, L., Mancino, G., Tedeschi, G., Guerzoni, E., Indrio, F., Laghi, L., Miniello, V. L., Gobbetti, M., & De Angelis, M. (2012). Effect of lactose on gut microbiota and metabolome of infants with cow’s milk allergy. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.2012.01286.x
. Furthermore, lactose contains specific β-1,4-glycosidic linkages, similar to cellulose and chitin
Navarro, D. M. D. L., Abelilla, J. J., & Stein, H. H. (2019). Structures and characteristics of carbohydrates in diets fed to pigs: A review. In Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-019-0345-6
, which may support the reduction of the risk of pathogenic infection by support of the growth of lactose-utilizing bacteria, i.e. via selective pressure
Holsinger, V. H. (1996). Handbook of Milk Composition,edited by Robert G. Jensen. Academic Press, San Diego, 1995, 919 pp., $89.95. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1006/jfca.1996.0035
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DHA and ARA are considered essential nutrients for infant milk formula to support normal brain and visual development
Innis, S. M. (2007). Dietary (n-3) fatty acids and brain development. In Journal of Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/137.4.855
Koletzko, B., Bergmann, K., Thomas Brenna, J., Calder, P. C., Campoy, C., Clandinin, M. T., Colombo, J., Daly, M., Decsi, T., Demmelmair, H., Domellöf, M., Fidlermis, N., Gonzalez-Casanova, I., Van Goudoever, J. B., Hadjipanayis, A., Hernell, O., Lapillonne, A., Mader, S., Martin, C. R., … Carlson, S. E. (2020). Should formula for infants provide arachidonic acid along with DHA? A position paper of the European Academy of Paediatrics and the Child Health Foundation. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqz252
and may play a beneficial role in immune development and function
Radzikowska, U., Rinaldi, A. O., Sözener, Z. Ç., Karaguzel, D., Wojcik, M., Cypryk, K., Akdis, M., Akdis, C. A., & Sokolowska, M. (2019). The influence of dietary fatty acids on immune responses. In Nutrients. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11122990
Richard, C., Lewis, E. D., & Field, C. J. (2016). Evidence for the essentiality of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid in the postnatal maternal and infant diet for the development of the infant’s immune system early in life. In Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2015-0660
. Infants fed with infant formula supplemented with DHA and ARA showed lower incidence of common respiratory symptoms (e.g. croup, nasal congestion, cough) and diarrhoea requiring medical attention compared to infants who received formula without DHA and ARA
Birch, E. E., Khoury, J. C., Berseth, C. L., Castañeda, Y. S., Couch, J. M., Bean, J., Tamer, R., Harris, C. L., Mitmesser, S. H., & Scalabrin, D. M. (2010). The Impact of Early Nutrition on Incidence of Allergic Manifestations and Common Respiratory Illnesses in Children. Journal of Pediatrics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.01.002
Lapillonne, A., Pastor, N., Zhuang, W., & Scalabrin, D. M. F. (2014). Infants fed formula with added long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids have reduced incidence of respiratory illnesses and diarrhea during the first year of life. BMC Pediatrics. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-14-168
. Lower incidence of clinical symptoms resulted in fewer doctors’ visits during the first three years of life
Birch, E. E., Khoury, J. C., Berseth, C. L., Castañeda, Y. S., Couch, J. M., Bean, J., Tamer, R., Harris, C. L., Mitmesser, S. H., & Scalabrin, D. M. (2010). The Impact of Early Nutrition on Incidence of Allergic Manifestations and Common Respiratory Illnesses in Children. Journal of Pediatrics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.01.002
Lapillonne, A., Pastor, N., Zhuang, W., & Scalabrin, D. M. F. (2014). Infants fed formula with added long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids have reduced incidence of respiratory illnesses and diarrhea during the first year of life. BMC Pediatrics. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-14-168
. Positive changes were observed in the profile of immune cells and cytokines after supplementation with DHA and ARA in infant formula, bringing it closer to the profile of immune cells and cytokines of breastfed infants
Field, C. J., Van Aerde, J. E., Robinson, L. E., & Clandinin, M. T. (2008). Effect of providing a formula supplemented with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on immunity in full-term neonates. British Journal of Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114507791845 .
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MFGM plays a potential role in infant cognitive development
Timby, N., Domellöf, M., Lönnerdal, B., & Hernell, O. (2017). Supplementation of infant formula with bovine milk fat globule membranes. In Advances in Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.116.014142.
. Clinical studies have shown that consumption of a formula supplemented with MFGM improved cognitive performance in infants
Li, F., Wu, S. S., Berseth, C. L., Harris, C. L., Richards, J. D., Wampler, J. L., Zhuang, W., Cleghorn, G., Rudolph, C. D., Liu, B., Shaddy, D. J., & Colombo, J. (2019). Improved Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Associated with Bovine Milk Fat Globule Membrane and Lactoferrin in Infant Formula: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Journal of Pediatrics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.08.030
Timby, N., Domellöf, E., Hernell, O., Lönnerdal, B., & Domellöf, M. (2014). Neurodevelopment, nutrition, and growth until 12 mo of age in infants fed a low-energy, low-proteinformula supplemented with bovine milk fat globule membranes: A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.064295
. Clinical studies have also found that infant formula supplemented with MFGM may have beneficial effects on infant immune function
Li, X., Peng, Y., Li, Z., Christensen, B., Heckmann, A. B., Stenlund, H., Lönnerdal, B., & Hernell, O. (2019). Feeding Infants Formula With Probiotics or Milk Fat Globule Membrane: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial. Frontiers in Pediatrics. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2019.00347
Timby, N., Hernell, O., Vaarala, O., Melin, M., Lönnerdal, B., & Domellöf, M. (2015). Infections in infants fed formula supplemented with bovine milk fat globule membranes. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000000624
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The structure of triglycerides, i.e. the positioning of the fatty acids on the glycerol backbone, is of key importance during digestion and absorption of fatty acids
Delplanque, B., Gibson, R., Koletzko, B., Lapillonne, A., & Strandvik, B. (2015). Lipid Quality in Infant Nutrition: Current Knowledge and Future Opportunities. In Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000000818
. LCSFAs such as palmitic acid are best absorbed when positioned in the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone in triglycerides
Innis, S. M. (2011). Dietary triacylglycerol structure and its role in infant nutrition. In Advances in Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.111.000448
. Fatty acids positioned at sn-1 and sn-3 position are released as free fatty acids during fat digestion. Free LCSFAs can potentially form insoluble fatty acid soap complexes with minerals such as calcium. Besides the limited bioavailability of calcium and fatty acids
López-López, A., Castellote-Bargalló, A. I., Campoy-Folgoso, C., Rivero-Urgel, M., Tormo-Carnicé, R., Infante-Pina, D., & López-Sabater, M. C. (2001). The influence of dietary palmitic acid triacylglyceride position on the fatty acid, calcium and magnesium contents of at term newborn faeces. Early Human Development. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3782(01)00210-9
, fatty acid soap complexes are associated with constipation and gut discomfort in infants
Quinlan, P. T., Lockton, S., Irwin, J., & Lucas, A. L. (1995). Literature Reviews: Pediatric Gastroenterology: The Relationship Between Stool Hardness and Stool Composition in Breast- and Formula-Fed Infants Quinlan PT, Lockton S, Irwin J, et al. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1995;20:81-90. Clinical Pediatrics. https://doi.org/10.1177/000992289503400609
. Specific fat sources such as natural cow’s milk fat contain a higher percentage of sn-2 positioned LCSFAs in comparison to standard vegetable fat blends
Hageman, J. H. J., Danielsen, M., Nieuwenhuizen, A. G., Feitsma, A. L., & Dalsgaard, T. K. (2019). Comparison of bovine milk fat and vegetable fat for infant formula: Implications for infant health. International Dairy Journal, 92, 37–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.01.005
. Infant milk formulas with a higher sn-2 palmitate content have been shown to lead to lower fatty acid soap complexes in stool samples
Nowacki, J., Lee, H. C., Lien, R., Cheng, S. W., Li, S. T., Yao, M., Northington, R., Jan, I., & Mutungi, G. (2014). Stool fatty acid soaps, stool consistency and gastrointestinal tolerance in term infants fed infant formulas containing high sn-2 palmitate with or without oligofructose: A double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Nutrition Journal, 13(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-13-105
, suggesting enhanced digestive comfort
Quinlan, P. T., Lockton, S., Irwin, J., & Lucas, A. L. (1995). Literature Reviews: Pediatric Gastroenterology: The Relationship Between Stool Hardness and Stool Composition in Breast- and Formula-Fed Infants Quinlan PT, Lockton S, Irwin J, et al. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1995;20:81-90. Clinical Pediatrics. https://doi.org/10.1177/000992289503400609
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Whey proteins are crucial for building muscles and bones. Whey proteins provide essential amino acids, the so-called building blocks of protein, needed for the healthy growth and development of
Nutten, S. (2016). Proteins, Peptides and Amino Acids: Role in Infant Nutrition. Nestle Nutrition Institute Workshop Series. https://doi.org/10.1159/000442697
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Common gut-brain axis ingredients include GOS, probiotics, omega-3 fatty acids, B vitamins, and polyphenols – all known for supporting both gut and brain function.
Consumers are increasingly seeking functional foods with proven benefits for gut health and mental health. Prebiotics like GOS are leading this trend, supported by growing clinical research.
At FrieslandCampina Ingredients, we believe that delivering a larger variety of non-digestible oligosaccharides (e.g. a combination of GOS and HMOs) can be of key importance for the establishment of the gut microbiota and its metabolism, thereby feeding into many different health aspects in early life and beyond. As a unique provider of both GOS and HMO solutions, we can offer a wider diversity of structures to bring the concept of gut health to the next level.
Our Deminal® 90 demineralised whey provides good flow properties for improved handling. Thanks to low mineral levels, our ingredients are heat-stable, so can be used in highly concentrated systems. Deminal® 90 Liquid also enables formulators to directly apply it in wet processing where preferred.
We offer security of base powder supply at all times via four state-of-the-art, CNCA approved production sites. At our plants, flexibility is key for creating base powders to suit customer needs. Using base powders offers multiple benefits, including efficient production and convenient procurement, with less time spent on buying single ingredients and auditing single ingredient suppliers.
With the products in our Hyvital® range, we offer a large variety of high-quality hydrolysates, including hydrolysates which can be applied in dry-blend, halal or kosher formulations. Our Hyvital® Whey EtD 100 Organic is USDA-organic certified.
Vivinal® Lactoferrin is produced not from whey but from high-quality fresh milk that we receive daily, directly from FrieslandCampina’s member farmers. Our careful extraction method results in consistent high purity, and our spray-drying process creates a powder with more homogenous and smaller particle size distribution compared to alternatives in the market. Vivinal® Lactoferrin is manufactured under infant-formula grade conditions.
With a range of different particle sizes, there is a type of Lactopure® to suit every application. Thanks to its quality, Lactopure® can be added in the dry phase of production such as on the fluid bed, as part of the mineral/vitamin mix or in a dry blending mixer. As a result, capacity can be increased, and production costs reduced. It can also be applied in the wet phase.
Vivinal® Milk Fat is obtained from fresh, high-quality cream to which no neutralising substances or preservatives have been added. It has an excellent taste and with its natural creaminess, it provides a typical flavour and taste unique to natural dairy-sourced products. Our Vivinal® Milk Fat is made from natural ingredients and produced according to high quality standards. For convenience of customers, VMF30 and VMF65 are complete fat blends that are ready to use in final product recipes.
Vana-Sana™ encapsulates offer a flexible way to incorporate LCPUFAs during the infant formula production process: this creates new opportunities for differentiation. The use of Vana-Sana™ allows efficient operation of the manufacturing process bringing higher capacity and decrease in losses.
Vivinal® MFGM enables greater flexibility in recipe formulation, thanks to the fact that it is a dry-blend infant formula-grade ingredient.
Calcium caseinate is a type of casein protein that is obtained by reacting casein with calcium. The result is a high quality, slow digesting protein product that contains essential amino acids – some of which, like histidine, methionine and phenylalanine are found in higher levels than whey protein.
Gorissen, S.H.M., Crombag, J.J.R., Senden, J.M.G., Waterval, W.A.H., Bierau, J., Verdijk, L.B. and van Loon, L.J.C. (2018). Protein content and amino acid composition of commercially available plant-based protein isolates. Amino acids, [online] 50(12), pp.1685–1695. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-018-2640-5.
These essential amino acids are proven to effectively support muscle protein synthesis.
Wu, G. (2009). Amino acids: metabolism, functions, and Nutrition. Amino Acids, [online] 37(1), pp.1–17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-009-0269-0.
Demineralised whey is an ingredient produced by demineralisation of cheese whey. It is used in infant milk formula to improve the casein:whey ratio of cow’s milk, while limiting mineral contribution. Reducing mineral content enables a greater flexibility in formulations – for better control and accuracy. Demineralised whey also contains lactose, reducing the need to add this as a single ingredient later in the production process.
At FrieslandCampina Ingredients, we collaborate with our customers to create solutions that support kids’ healthy growth and development. To do so, we deliver safe, science-backed and effective ingredients that meet the highest standards, giving parents peace of mind. Working side by side with customers, we also provide technical and regulatory support, sustainability guidance, application expertise and scientific substantiation to help bring products to market quickly and efficiently.
Lactoferrin is a natural, iron-binding glycoprotein that is present in human milk in high concentrations
Manzoni, P., Dall’Agnola, A., Tomé, D., Kaufman, D. A., Tavella, E., Pieretto, M., Messina, A., De Luca, D., Bellaiche, M., Mosca, A., Piloquet, H., Simeoni, U., Picaud, J. C., & Del Vecchio, A. (2018). Role of Lactoferrin in Neonates and Infants: An Update. American Journal of Perinatology, 35(6), 561–565. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1639359.
Yang, Z., Jiang, R., Chen, Q., Wang, J., Duan, Y., Pang, X., Jiang, S., Bi, Y., Zhang, H., Lönnerdal, B., Lai, J., & Yin, S. (2018). Concentration of lactoferrin in human milk and its variation during lactation in different Chinese populations. Nutrients, 10(9), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10091235
. It has also been identified in a number of mammalian species, including in cow’s milk. Lactoferrin can be isolated from cow’s milk and can be added to infant and young child formulations.
Lactose is a disaccharide, containing the building blocks galactose and glucose and is the main carbohydrate source in milk. In human milk, lactose provides approx. 40% of the total energy value to the infant
Holsinger, V. H. (1996). Handbook of Milk Composition,edited by Robert G. Jensen. Academic Press, San Diego, 1995, 919 pp., $89.95. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1006/jfca.1996.0035
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MFGM stands for Milk Fat Globule Membrane, a complex layer that surrounds milk fat globules secreted from milk-producing cells in human and animals. Vivinal® MFGM is an infant formula-grade whey protein concentrate that contains bioactive proteins and lipids like IgG and lactoferrin, phospholipids and gangliosides.
Step Up Nutrition is a cross-category portfolio of solutions for children aged 3 and up. It is designed to support five key areas of child development: growth & development, immunity, cognitive development, mental health and gut health, addressing top parent priorities worldwide. Each of the five key development areas is articulated through a consumer-friendly proposition – micronutrient uptake (Big & Strong), a healthy immune system (Beat the Bugs), cognitive development (Smarty Pants), gut microbiota composition (Happy Tummy) and supporting mental health (Cool & Calm). All of these are enabled by premium-quality ingredients for early life nutrition that are already trusted by many of the world’s leading infant milk formula brands.
The gut-brain axis is the communication network between the gut and the brain, involving neural, hormonal, and immune pathways. It plays a crucial role in mood, cognition and emotional well-being.
VIvinal® GOS contains galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS). GOS are non digestible carbohydates, which are almost not broken down by human digestive enzymes. Because of this, they reach the intestine nearly completely intact, where they are then available for the present microflora 2,3. In the colon they are fermented by, and stimuate the growth of, Bifidobacteria 4,5. This may result in a broad range of positive health effects 6,7,8.
Whey protein concentrate is a form of whey protein that is isolated from both cheese whey as well as directly from milk. It is produced by filtering whey to remove some of the fat, lactose and carbohydrates, resulting in a powder that typically contains about 70–80% protein along with some remaining fat, lactose, vitamins and minerals. Because it undergoes less intensive processing compared to whey protein isolate, it retains more of the naturally occurring nutrients found in milk.
Whey proteins are the proteins present in the serum fraction of milk. In concentrated form, whey proteins are used in infant formula to meet required amino acid patterns and improve the casein:whey ratio. Whey protein ingredients contain low lactose levels, enabling formulation flexibility.
We work with partners across the infant, toddler and child categories to deliver safe, science-backed and effective ingredients for the early life nutrition market. Working side by side with customers, we provide technical and regulatory support, sustainability guidance, application expertise and scientific substantiation, to help bring products to market quickly and efficiently.
Research over the years has shown that HMOs are crucial for infants’ healthy growth and development, particularly in gut health and immunity.
Bode, L. & Jantscher-krenn, E. Structure-Function Relationships of Human Milk Oligosaccharides. Advances in Nutrition 3, 383S-391S (2012)
But there’s no one single HMO responsible for the beneficial effects delivered to breast-fed infants. Each individual HMO is expected to play a specific role in an infant’s development. In fact, there’s increasing consensus that a wide diversity of oligosaccharide structures, is important to infant gut health and beyond.
Our dedicated production facilities comply with high standards in the infant food industry, with strict quality procedures and laboratories equipped for performing all necessary analysis. We offer a broad range of manufacturing capabilities for both simple and highly complex base powders, enabling high capacity with proven track record. Our base powders retain the benefits of fresh dairy milk thanks to minimal processing and can be tailored to the specific needs of our customers.
With over 40 years’ experience in demineralised whey, we have a proven track record in stable (mineral) composition. As we own the entire supply chain from farm to factory, we have full control and traceability of our ingredients – with the high quality standards in place. With an expert technical team on-hand, we are specialists in developing infant milk formula dairy ingredients.
With decades of experience in the early life nutrition sector, we are a global leader in developing and supplying GOS prebiotic ingredients. We have a renowned research centre in the Netherlands and regularly partner with leading universities, which allows us to stay at the cutting edge of GOS science. Our GOS prebiotic ingredient is the most studied in the world, with an ever-growing bank of research demonstrating its positive effect on infant gut health and immunity. As a trusted GOS prebiotic supplier, we help brands create infant nutrition solutions that deliver meaningful health benefits and give little ones a great start in life.
We are proud to be the first ingredients provider to offer GOS for infant milk formula and have retained our position at the forefront of this technology ever since. With over 75 years of expertise in early life nutrition ingredient manufacturing and research, we offer an industry-leading portfolio of oligosaccharides, along with a complete offering of nutritional ingredients for infant milk formula and young child formula. Our extensive and scalable GOS supply chain is bolstered by three manufacturing locations worldwide, and our Vivinal® GOS are the most widely studied GOS ingredients in the world, with over 60 clinical trials in infants and young children. We support leading global infant formula brands with our strong analytical expertise, helping to develop and validating analytical methods to ensure the right blend of GOS and other ingredients for your product.
With over 75 years of expertise in early life nutrition ingredient manufacturing and research we are a global leader in developing and supplying GOS prebiotic ingredients. Our renowned research centre in the Netherlands and regular collaboration with leading universities allows us to stay at the cutting edge of GOS science, and our GOS prebiotic ingredient is the most studied in the world—with over 70 clinical trials demonstrating their benefits in infants and children.
As a trusted GOS supplier, with strong analytical and formulation expertise, we help leading global infant nutrition brands to create the right blends of GOS and other ingredients to deliver meaningful health benefits and give little ones a great start in life.
With over 75 years of expertise in early life nutrition, we offer an industry-leading portfolio of oligosaccharides, along with a complete offering of nutritional ingredients for infant and young child milk formulas. Our fully owned and scalable HMO supply chain ensures the highest quality standards for dry-blend infant formula and has the flexibility to meet your needs as they evolve. We support leading global infant milk formula brands with our strong analytical expertise, helping to develop and validate analytical methods to ensure the right blend of HMOs and other ingredients for your product.
We’re the experts you can trust, delivering solutions for the healthy growth of 100 million infants worldwide. We’re proud to offer over 40 years of experience in producing a wide range of infant-grade hydrolysates, covering the entire spectrum of benefits, from supporting digestion to allergy care. Our state-of-the-art innovation centre in Wageningen, in the Netherlands, also features a full facility pilot plant and analytical capabilities, offering a wide range of possibilities for testing and developing solutions for our customers.
We are proud to be market leader with more than 25 years of experience in lactoferrin production. We offer the support of our reliable and robust methods to analyse and quantify the composition of your infant milk formula, ensuring the right balance of lactoferrin and other ingredients. Vivinal® Lactoferrin complies with both Chinese and EU legislation.
We have full control of the supply chain and two production locations, for contingency. Our large portfolio features milled and sieved grades – all with an excellent dry blend and consistent quality and composition. This is backed by dedicated regulatory, technical and specifications support.
We are specialists in the encapsulation of nutritional oils, with a production line designed specifically for infant milk formula. We have over 20 years of experience in producing encapsulated LCPUFAs and have an exemplary track record in stability and in offering nutritional quality with sensory excellence. Our mild drying technology has been designed to manufacture high-quality encapsulates. Our customers also benefit from high flexibility in oil sourcing, thanks to the multiple trusted suppliers across our global network.
Vivinal® MFGM offers preservation of the bioactive components that are part of MFGM in a whey protein concentrate. Vivinal® MFGM is ideal for use in dry-blend application, where the final formula can also benefit from keeping these bioactive components intact.
Where most infant formula manufacturers focus on providing a nutritionally adequate total composition of fatty acids in their fat blend, FrieslandCampina Ingredients goes one step further to ensure a nutritionally advantageous structure as well. Vivinal® Milk Fat naturally contains sn-2 palmitate, which can support fat digestion and absorption in infants
Delplanque, B., Gibson, R., Koletzko, B., Lapillonne, A., & Strandvik, B. (2015). Lipid Quality in Infant Nutrition: Current Knowledge and Future Opportunities. In Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000000818
. We are dedicated to offer high quality ingredients that are guaranteed to be safe and to fulfil the nutritional needs of infants. We offer several Vivinal® Milk Fat solutions to help customers obtain a diverse fatty acid composition and triglyceride structure for the application in infant and young child formulas.
FrieslandCampina Ingredients has full control of the supply chain, to ensure complete traceability of our ingredients. Our whey protein portfolio meets high quality standards and has a consistent composition, without seasonal fluctuations. With an expert technical team on-hand, we are specialists in developing infant formula dairy ingredients.
The first 1,000 days of life – from conception to a child’s second birthday – are a crucial window for growth and development. During this time, nutrition plays a key role in shaping everything from immunity to cognitive function. Beyond infancy, getting the right nutrients is essential for supporting healthy growth in children of all ages, as they develop rapidly.
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Ask the Expert: How can milk oligosaccharide diversity unlock elevated support for infant gut health?
Read moreFrieslandCampina Ingredients opens new lactoferrin production facility
Read moreMicro-encapsulating LCPUFAs: what makes GEA FILTERMAT technology stand out
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